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For any disease—and especially for oncological conditions—the following rule applies:
Thus, the survival rate when cancer is diagnosed and treated at stage I is 92%, at stage II — 88%, at stage III — 42%, and at stage IV — only 13%.
Early detection of malignant neoplasms is facilitated by blood tests for the presence of specific proteins known as tumor markers. The presence and concentration of tumor markers in the blood are also used to monitor the course of oncological disease.
However, it should be noted that these tests are performed exclusively upon a physician’s referral and only when there is a specific clinical suspicion of malignancy. Tumor marker testing does not replace cancer diagnostics, and a negative result does not guarantee the absence of disease.
Tumor markers are laboratory blood tests aimed at detecting specific substances (such as alpha-fetoprotein, CEA, CA, PSA, and others) that appear in association with malignant tumors.
Tumor markers are proteins produced by cells of various tumors. Malignant neoplasms synthesize specific substances that differ significantly in their biological functions from normal substances of the body and are produced in quantities substantially exceeding physiological levels. The detection of these substances forms the basis of tumor marker testing.
Under normal conditions, tumor markers are produced by embryonic cells. The presence of elevated levels of tumor markers in the blood of an adult is a signal of a possible malignant process in the body.
Statistics indicate that in recent years physicians increasingly detect tumor markers in the blood of young and elderly individuals, and even in children. Environmental deterioration, various chronic diseases that weaken the immune system, and harmful lifestyle habits contribute to the growing incidence of oncological diseases.
Among patients in whom malignant neoplasms are diagnosed for the first time, approximately 50% already have advanced disease (stage III or IV), indicating delayed diagnosis. Blood testing for tumor markers is therefore considered one of the most informative methods for detecting tumors at various stages.
At Family Laboratory, the following tumor marker tests are available:
