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Hormones are highly biologically active substances produced in the endocrine glands.
Hormones enter the bloodstream and reach exactly those tissues that will be regulated by them. The amount of hormones in the body depends on many factors, including a person’s age or even the time of day.
Maintenance of a woman’s reproductive function is carried out through the hypothalamus–pituitary–ovary system precisely thanks to these biologically active substances—hormones.
With the help of special blood tests, it is possible to determine a person’s immune and hormonal status. These indicators are important in the diagnosis of autoimmune pathologies, disorders of the endocrine system and menstrual cycle, and in determining the causes of female and male infertility.
Laboratory tests are especially important during pregnancy; they can identify pathological processes in the woman’s and fetus’s body at early stages. This helps to take the necessary measures in time, carry out a course of treatment, or terminate the pregnancy.
When donating blood for assessment of a particular hormonal profile, it is necessary to remember that hormones are very sensitive to all external changes. Each hormone has its own little “quirks.” Accurate and informative determination of hormone levels in the blood depends not only on the specific day of a woman’s menstrual cycle, but also on the time elapsed since the last meal. Therefore, tests for hormone evaluation are taken only on an empty stomach from 8:00 to 11:00, and when determining sex hormones, women need to take the menstrual cycle into account.
For laboratory diagnosis of pregnancy from the earliest stages, the level of specific serum markers in the woman’s body is measured. Monitoring pregnancy hormones provides reliable information about gestational age and fetal condition, and also makes it possible to calculate as accurately as possible the risk of a possible congenital or acquired fetal pathology, taking into account additional information about the pregnant woman’s condition. The program is based on data from studies of 4 serum markers (PAPP-A, hCG, AFP, free estriol), adjusted for gestational age, taking into account age, body weight, medical history of the pregnant woman, and ultrasound results.
