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Bacteriological testing (culture) involves the cultivation of bacteria on nutrient media. The analysis determines not only the presence of a pathogen but also its concentration. Bacteriological testing is characterized by high diagnostic accuracy—up to 95–100%. However, this method has a significant drawback, namely its duration: results are typically available 7–10 days after sample collection.
This method allows examination of blood, urine, stool, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), sputum, bile, as well as specimens from the pharynx, nasal cavity, eyes, respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, and wounds. In practice, microorganisms can be cultured from almost any part of the body. The biomaterial is placed in a growth-promoting medium under specific temperature conditions, followed by evaluation of the results and determination of microbial sensitivity to antibiotics and urinary antiseptics.
Only a physician can correctly interpret the results of bacteriological testing. In most cases, the quantitative load of specific microorganisms is far more clinically significant than their mere detection. The concentration plays a crucial role both in disease prognosis and in selecting appropriate therapy. In some cases, to confirm the diagnosis, a physician may order additional or confirmatory tests, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect pathogen-specific DNA.
To ensure accurate test results, patients should consult a physician or laboratory staff regarding proper sample collection.
The Family Laboratory offers the following bacteriological tests:
